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How hot water systems fail, what they cost to keep, and how to tell a repair from a replacement.

These are the questions that come up on the phone often enough to be worth answering properly: whether a cylinder is worth repairing at its age, what size you actually need, why London water shortens the life of everything it touches, and what to check before you call anyone out.

They fall into five groups, and each group has one page that carries the argument the rest of it refers back to.

Checking a plumber before you let them start

How to check a plumber on the gas safe register is the page this group is built on, because it is the one check that is free, takes a minute and settles a question nobody can talk their way around. How to check a plumber is qualified for unvented work is the same exercise for the specific competence that matters on a sealed cylinder, which the gas register on its own does not tell you about.

Everything else here is the softer signals. How to find a good plumber in London is the general version. Signs of a bad plumber before you hire one and questions to ask a plumber before they start work are the two that get read most, because they are what somebody wants at the point where a stranger is about to be let into a property and a decision has to be made in five minutes on a doorstep.

Then there is the question of where the recommendation came from in the first place. Checkatrade, Trustatrader and what a directory badge actually means sets out what a badge mechanically certifies and what it leaves untouched, so a reader can weigh it for themselves rather than take it as a verdict. Are directory reviews trustworthy does the same for the star rating attached to it. How to read a google maps listing for a plumber is the equivalent for the map pack, and it pairs with sponsored results on google maps: what they actually mean and why the sponsored result costs you more, which explain the difference between a listing that earned its position and one that bought it. Local plumber or national company: which is better is the structural version of the same question.

Common plumbing scams and how to avoid them sits with these because the patterns it describes are mechanisms, not accusations, and knowing the mechanism is what makes it visible on the day. If the job has already gone wrong, the same group carries the aftermath: what to do if a plumber does a bad job, how to complain about a plumber, can you withhold payment from a plumber, and what to do when a plumber does not turn up.

What the work costs and what a quote should say

Plumber call out fees explained carries this group. It is the page about the mechanism of the fee itself: what a plumber is charging for when they charge to attend, what the fee is supposed to buy, and where it stops. What is a call-out fee and what should it cover is the shorter, cross trade version of the same question, and what no call-out fee actually means takes the advertised version apart, because a fee that has been removed from the headline has usually been moved rather than dropped.

Hourly rate or fixed price: which is better for you is the structural choice underneath all of it, and it turns on how predictable the job is rather than on which number looks smaller. How long should a plumbing job take is the sanity check on an hourly rate, which is the only thing that makes an hourly rate safe to accept.

On quoting, do plumbers charge for quotes answers the question people are embarrassed to ask, and what a plumbing quote should actually include goes through a quote line by line so a reader can see what has been left vague. Why the cheapest quote is usually the most expensive is the argument the other two lead to. How to tell if a plumber is overcharging you and should you ever pay a plumber upfront are the two protective pages in the group.

Two pages deal with time of day and day of week, and they are narrower than they look. Weekend and bank holiday plumber rates is about what changes on a Sunday and what should not. Why emergency plumbing costs more out of hours is about the mechanism after six in the evening: what genuinely costs more to run at night, and what gets added to a bill for no reason other than the hour on the clock. Our own position is that the rate is published and does not move for the evening, which is exactly why both pages are worth reading before anybody quotes you.

Boiler brands and the replacement decision

Which boiler brand is best is the umbrella for this group. It takes the bare question of which boiler is best and answers it from the position of somebody who opens these appliances rather than somebody who sells them. Boiler brands to avoid and why is the page that does the real work in it, because the useful question is never which badge is best in the abstract, it is which decisions about parts, boards and serviceability make an appliance expensive to keep running in year eight.

The most reliable boiler brand in the UK, measured the way an engineer measures it is the page that defines what reliability even means here, and it stays on failure rates and repair patterns rather than on the word best. The head to head pages sit under it: worcester bosch vs vaillant, baxi vs worcester bosch: which one would we fit, and vaillant vs ideal: which boiler actually lasts longer. Each of them argues from the mechanism, which parts fail, how available they are and what a board costs to replace, and none of them attributes a motive to a manufacturer.

Is a long boiler warranty worth anything and how long should a boiler last are the two pages about expectation, and they contradict each other in a useful way: a long warranty says something about the terms, not about the appliance. What to ask before agreeing to a new boiler is the page to have open when somebody is standing in the kitchen with a proposal. Combi or system boiler with a cylinder is the fork in the road that decides everything after it, and it is the one page in this group that leads straight into the cylinder section below. Where the decision has already been taken, boiler replacement is the service page all of this ends at.

Choosing, sizing and keeping a cylinder

Unvented vs vented cylinder is the page this group rests on, because a surprising number of people do not know which of the two they have, and almost every decision after that depends on the answer. How to choose a hot water cylinder is the next step for somebody who does know, and what size hot water cylinder do I need is the question that gets answered wrong most often, usually by sizing on bedrooms instead of on how many outlets run at once.

Best unvented cylinder brands is the equivalent of the boiler brand pages for stored systems, and it turns on the same things: parts availability and how serviceable a unit is once it is a decade old. How long does a hot water cylinder last sets the expectation, and signs your hot water cylinder needs replacing is the symptom list that tells you when you have reached it. Is it worth repairing an old hot water cylinder is the economic version of the same decision, and the two are deliberately separate because they get asked at different moments.

On keeping one alive, what a hot water cylinder service should include is the checklist a customer can hold a plumber to, and what happens in an annual unvented cylinder service describes the visit itself from the engineer side. Neither replaces the service page; they exist so a reader knows what they are buying.

Two pages explain why any of this is more urgent here than elsewhere. Hard water and hot water cylinders in London is the mechanism, which is scale on the coil and what it does to the heat transfer. Why hot water systems fail earlier in London is the consequence, which is lifespan and replacement timing in property that was not built with these systems in mind.

Water escaping and who pays for it

What to do if water is coming through the ceiling is the page this group leads with, because it is the moment people actually search, and the first two minutes decide how much of the damage is avoidable. Water escaping in the house: what to do in the first five minutes is the broader version, and where is my stopcock and how do I use it is the single most useful thing on this site for somebody who has never had to find one in a hurry.

After the water stops, the question turns into money. What your insurer means by trace and access explains the part of a policy that covers finding the leak rather than fixing the damage, and it is routinely the most valuable clause in the document. Who is responsible for a leak in a leasehold flat is the one that decides whether a bill lands on a leaseholder, a freeholder or a neighbour, and landlord or tenant: who pays for a plumbing repair is the rented equivalent. Landlord hot water responsibilities sets out what is required of a landlord on hot water specifically and when it becomes required.

What to do before the plumber arrives closes the group. It is short, and it is the difference between an engineer starting work on arrival and spending the first half hour moving furniture and looking for an isolation valve.

Not sure which of these it is? Tell us what the taps are doing.